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In 1851 it was occupied by a farm worker and his family, in 1881 by a gamekeeper and his. There’s still a track leading up from the road to a small building by the transmission mast, but I don’t think it’s occupied now as a dwelling. Field 3 is to the south of the cottage, on the downhill slope, 5 and 6 two small enclosures on the east side of a small watercourse that runs between them and field 3. #7, Hillhead Meeda is to the northeast of field 3, enclosing a small indentation in the hill-slope. The spelling ‘Meeda’ is pleasing, it shows a local pronunciation close to Northumbrian Old English mēdwe. ":4,"A very straight linear dyke separates Cruzy, Starkland, Buchts and other land to the south-west from the fields to the north-east on the side of Barcloy Hill, and none of the field-boundaries cross this line, implying a fairly rigid demarcation at some time before 1854, probably during the ‘improvement’ era of the preceding hundred years. Three fields share the name Hill Shed, all of them shown as mainly rough grassland on the 1854 map, though #25 at the north contained a small wooded stretch; the track from the farm ran to a hay ree (for feeding sheep) high up in the large field #28. \n\nAlthough Paul Cavill, in his New Dictionary of English Field-Names takes ‘shed’ to refer to small buildings in the English sense (related in origin to ‘shade’, so ‘a shelter’), that is not relevant here, shed is a different, unrelated, word in Scots; its ancestor, Old English sċead, meant literally ‘a separation’, Jamieson’s Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1818) gives ‘’a portion of land, as distinguished from that which is adjacent’, so these sheds may be pieces of land ‘cut off’, perhaps by the linear boundary. The Oxford English Dictionary also gives, under shed1 sense 5, ‘a ridge of high ground dividing two valleys’ (cf. ‘watershed’), and cites from an 1891 dictionary ‘the slope of land on the hill, as “which way is the shed?”’, which suits the location of these fields very well. \n\nHowever, the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue gives a more specific definition: ‘A unitary portion of (chiefly arable) land; a piece of land; a large field; also, with reference to the growing crop, passing into the crop grown on a ‘shed’ of land. Sometimes, but appar(ently) not always, divided into rigs. In some instances, devoted to the cultivation of a single crop’. Although these had evidently reverted to rough grazing before the 1854 survey, it seems possible that they were used for cultivation in the pre-improvement runrig system, with rigs allocated to several tenants, separated by drainage channels and manured for growing oats or barley on this relatively favoured, south-west facing, hillside. \n\nSo, to sum up, these ‘Hill Sheds’ are portions of land ‘separated ‘off’, possibly for ‘runrig’ or other forms of cultivation, or else ‘lands on the hill-slope’.":3,"All the fields around Knockbrex Bay, between the house and the shore, from the road at the north to Bar Hill at the south are evidently named from the latter. Gaelic bàrr is a 'top, summit', or simply 'hill', but it is so common in our region as to suggest that the word may have been taken by early Scots speakers as a term for a hill, and that is likely to be the explanation for the same element appearing twice in the more precise name for this hill, Barlocco Bar. The boundary-dyke with neighbouring Barlocco runs just east of the summit of this hill, that farm also has its Bar Field, and Bar Shore. Other 'Bars' in the near vicinity include Bar Hill on the Cally estate near the Clauchan of Girthon, another Bar Hill to the east of Rainton, along with Rainton Bar to the north of the farm, and Barmagachan. It is interesting that Front and Back Bar are named from the point of view of the shore, not the house. On the 1st ed. OS map, no boundaries among these three fields are apparent, and it seems from the satellite photo that any dyke enclosing the relatively small Back Bar may survive only as a grassed bank, perhaps fenced. The most substantial division is in fact the Plunton Burn, very much channeled past the house and across Bar Meadow. ":3,"Breckan is a Kirkcudbrightshire form of Scots breckan, 'bracken'; Mactaggart gives 'Breckan - The fern' and 'Breckany Braes - Rural solitudes, growing with fern; the haunts of innocence and rustic poets', indicating that the word was used for any abundantly growing ferns, not only Pteris aquilina. Among Stewartry place-names it is found at Breckonie Hill in Buittle and Breconside (Brakansyde on the Blaeu map, preserving the older Scots form) in Kirkgunzeon. The spelling 'Brecon' in these names seems to be a 20th century development, perhaps implying a supposed connection with the small cathedral town in south Wales, but the origin of that name is quite different. ":3,"Clene appears on the 1st ed. OS map as the name of a ruined building, presumably a cottage, in the field now named Wee Clain, but the name extends over these six fields and on to The Clane field by Syllodioch, now on Rainton farm; it may have been at one time a separate holding. A small burn rising at a well and marshy ground in Rainton’s field flows by Shed-Side and between Big and Wee Clain towards Biggin. Gaelic claon ‘sloping’ or ‘crooked, awry’ could describe this stretch of land on the fairly steep south-east side of the ridge terminating with Airds Hill; ‘cline’ is the usual reflex of that word in the north of Scotland, e.g. Clyne in Brora, Sutherland, but in Ulster and Man it is pronounced ‘clean’ or ‘clane’, Cleen being a townland name in the northern Irish counties of Fermanagh, Leitrim and Roscommon, with Reclain In Co. Tyrone being Ráth Claon, ‘slope-fort’; further south there is Clane in Co. Kildare. Cluan ‘meadow’ could also be appropriate, the two words may be confused in Manx; in Scotland and Ireland cluan generally survives as ‘clon’, ‘clone’ or ‘cloon’, but Clanabogan in Co. Tyrone is Cluan Uí Bhogain, ‘O’Bogan’s meadow’. I wonder if anything is known of Saul? The presence of two Kings of Israel on this farm is, to say the least, curious. Saul, like Mrs. Solomon, may have been the name of a one-time tenant, but either name might possibly be a reinterpretation of Gaelic sabhal ‘a barn’. The fields named Saul’s Pond-Side and Good-Side appear as one on the 1854 map; the pond seems to be in an old quarry, Good-Side on the south-west slope would probably offer the best grazing in what seems generally fairly rough and lumpy land; Shed-Side more or less corresponds with an enclosure shown on the 1854 map, the shed is presumably the small building shown on present-day OS maps in that field, approximately where a ‘hay ree’ was marked in 1854, which might possibly have been at least a successor of an eponymous sabhal. ":5,"Fields #30 and #31, north-west of Bishopton Wood and Glebe field. The French word parc was adopted in Middle English and Older Scots for large enclosures, firstly for deer, later for herds of cattle. The cognate Old English word pearroc was originally ‘an enclosing fence’, becoming later ‘an enclosure’, a piece of ground fenced or walled off, generally a fairly small field to accommodate specific animals. In the south, this word was modified in early modern English to ‘paddock’ to distinguish it from park, though in Scots and northern English, parrock was preserved; it is not always distinct in pronunciation from park, but here Park and Paddock (#23, adjacent to the farmstead) follow the southern usage. #24 Calf Field is another small paddock adjacent to the farm.":4,"Fields adjacent to the Manse, with straight dykes implying ‘improvement-era’ enclosures. Both fields were subdivided by east-west dykes at the time of the 1854 map. Field 9 is a small portion enclosing the shrubby cleuch where the Disdow Burn cuts through, by the junction where the road from Drumwall meets the B727; before the Military Road and The Cut, the roads heading for the ford on the Fleet converged and crossed the burn here, then followed it down through Robbers’ Gate. ‘Glebe’ was used in Scots, for land reserved for the parish priest or, once the Presbyterian Church became the established church of the kingdom, the minister. Glebe land was generally fairly close to the parish church or, as here, the manse. ":3,"Gaelic cnoc is ‘a hillock’, cnocán a little one; ‘corse’ can be a little problematic in Galloway place-names, having various possible origins, but here còrsa ‘coast’ is obviously appropriate, even though the genitive should have been còrsan, but the ending could well have been elided from *cnoc an còrsan or *cnocán còrsan. It’s not clear what feature gave its name to this place, or whether any Low Knockencorse is recorded. Field 16, High Knockencorse, is otherwise The Robin. Mactaggart gives us three Gallovidian phrases with Robbin (sic) in his Encyclopaedia, Robbin-a-Ree, a glowing stick of firewood passsed around the ingle-nuik while a rhyme is chanted in a rather risky bairns’ game (with a couple of songs, one portraying Robin-a-Ree as a villain, the other naming two lusty lads of that name both of whom a young lady has had ‘dealings’ with but neither is likely to marry her), Robbin Breestie, Robin Redbreast, and Robbin-rin-the-Hedge, ‘a trainling kind of weed which runs along hedges, a robbin net: its seeds stick to woolen cloth’, doubtless Cleavers, Goose-Grass, Galium aparine. But whether any of these, or some man named Robin, is behind this field-name, one can only speculate (in England, Robin in field-names is often Robin Hood, but that doesn’t seem at all likely here except insofar as some of the Scottish folk-tales involving a rogue named Robin are similar to tales of Robin Hood in northern England, they may well have been transmitted by travelling folk). ":3,"However, the same name is also given on OS maps to the relatively modest headland about ¾ mile/ 1200 metres north-east, on the seaward side of the breakwater where the water from Cally Lake drains into the estuary. Low and High Rough Point lie east of this headland, with Boreland’s Big and Wee Rough Point fields adjacent to the south-west, separated from the more southerly headland by that farm’s Mid Field and Mrs. Solomon’s. It seems Rough Point may have referred to this whole stretch of coast at the southern entry to the Fleet estuary. 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In 1851 it was occupied by a farm worker and his family, in 1881 by a gamekeeper and his. There’s still a track leading up from the road to a small building by the transmission mast, but I don’t think it’s occupied now as a dwelling. Field 3 is to the south of the cottage, on the downhill slope, 5 and 6 two small enclosures on the east side of a small watercourse that runs between them and field 3. #7, Hillhead Meeda is to the northeast of field 3, enclosing a small indentation in the hill-slope. The spelling ‘Meeda’ is pleasing, it shows a local pronunciation close to Northumbrian Old English mēdwe. ":4,"A very straight linear dyke separates Cruzy, Starkland, Buchts and other land to the south-west from the fields to the north-east on the side of Barcloy Hill, and none of the field-boundaries cross this line, implying a fairly rigid demarcation at some time before 1854, probably during the ‘improvement’ era of the preceding hundred years. Three fields share the name Hill Shed, all of them shown as mainly rough grassland on the 1854 map, though #25 at the north contained a small wooded stretch; the track from the farm ran to a hay ree (for feeding sheep) high up in the large field #28. \n\nAlthough Paul Cavill, in his New Dictionary of English Field-Names takes ‘shed’ to refer to small buildings in the English sense (related in origin to ‘shade’, so ‘a shelter’), that is not relevant here, shed is a different, unrelated, word in Scots; its ancestor, Old English sċead, meant literally ‘a separation’, Jamieson’s Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language (1818) gives ‘’a portion of land, as distinguished from that which is adjacent’, so these sheds may be pieces of land ‘cut off’, perhaps by the linear boundary. The Oxford English Dictionary also gives, under shed1 sense 5, ‘a ridge of high ground dividing two valleys’ (cf. ‘watershed’), and cites from an 1891 dictionary ‘the slope of land on the hill, as “which way is the shed?”’, which suits the location of these fields very well. \n\nHowever, the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue gives a more specific definition: ‘A unitary portion of (chiefly arable) land; a piece of land; a large field; also, with reference to the growing crop, passing into the crop grown on a ‘shed’ of land. Sometimes, but appar(ently) not always, divided into rigs. In some instances, devoted to the cultivation of a single crop’. Although these had evidently reverted to rough grazing before the 1854 survey, it seems possible that they were used for cultivation in the pre-improvement runrig system, with rigs allocated to several tenants, separated by drainage channels and manured for growing oats or barley on this relatively favoured, south-west facing, hillside. \n\nSo, to sum up, these ‘Hill Sheds’ are portions of land ‘separated ‘off’, possibly for ‘runrig’ or other forms of cultivation, or else ‘lands on the hill-slope’.":3,"All the fields around Knockbrex Bay, between the house and the shore, from the road at the north to Bar Hill at the south are evidently named from the latter. Gaelic bàrr is a 'top, summit', or simply 'hill', but it is so common in our region as to suggest that the word may have been taken by early Scots speakers as a term for a hill, and that is likely to be the explanation for the same element appearing twice in the more precise name for this hill, Barlocco Bar. The boundary-dyke with neighbouring Barlocco runs just east of the summit of this hill, that farm also has its Bar Field, and Bar Shore. Other 'Bars' in the near vicinity include Bar Hill on the Cally estate near the Clauchan of Girthon, another Bar Hill to the east of Rainton, along with Rainton Bar to the north of the farm, and Barmagachan. It is interesting that Front and Back Bar are named from the point of view of the shore, not the house. On the 1st ed. OS map, no boundaries among these three fields are apparent, and it seems from the satellite photo that any dyke enclosing the relatively small Back Bar may survive only as a grassed bank, perhaps fenced. The most substantial division is in fact the Plunton Burn, very much channeled past the house and across Bar Meadow. ":3,"Breckan is a Kirkcudbrightshire form of Scots breckan, 'bracken'; Mactaggart gives 'Breckan - The fern' and 'Breckany Braes - Rural solitudes, growing with fern; the haunts of innocence and rustic poets', indicating that the word was used for any abundantly growing ferns, not only Pteris aquilina. Among Stewartry place-names it is found at Breckonie Hill in Buittle and Breconside (Brakansyde on the Blaeu map, preserving the older Scots form) in Kirkgunzeon. The spelling 'Brecon' in these names seems to be a 20th century development, perhaps implying a supposed connection with the small cathedral town in south Wales, but the origin of that name is quite different. ":3,"Clene appears on the 1st ed. OS map as the name of a ruined building, presumably a cottage, in the field now named Wee Clain, but the name extends over these six fields and on to The Clane field by Syllodioch, now on Rainton farm; it may have been at one time a separate holding. A small burn rising at a well and marshy ground in Rainton’s field flows by Shed-Side and between Big and Wee Clain towards Biggin. Gaelic claon ‘sloping’ or ‘crooked, awry’ could describe this stretch of land on the fairly steep south-east side of the ridge terminating with Airds Hill; ‘cline’ is the usual reflex of that word in the north of Scotland, e.g. Clyne in Brora, Sutherland, but in Ulster and Man it is pronounced ‘clean’ or ‘clane’, Cleen being a townland name in the northern Irish counties of Fermanagh, Leitrim and Roscommon, with Reclain In Co. Tyrone being Ráth Claon, ‘slope-fort’; further south there is Clane in Co. Kildare. Cluan ‘meadow’ could also be appropriate, the two words may be confused in Manx; in Scotland and Ireland cluan generally survives as ‘clon’, ‘clone’ or ‘cloon’, but Clanabogan in Co. Tyrone is Cluan Uí Bhogain, ‘O’Bogan’s meadow’. I wonder if anything is known of Saul? The presence of two Kings of Israel on this farm is, to say the least, curious. Saul, like Mrs. Solomon, may have been the name of a one-time tenant, but either name might possibly be a reinterpretation of Gaelic sabhal ‘a barn’. The fields named Saul’s Pond-Side and Good-Side appear as one on the 1854 map; the pond seems to be in an old quarry, Good-Side on the south-west slope would probably offer the best grazing in what seems generally fairly rough and lumpy land; Shed-Side more or less corresponds with an enclosure shown on the 1854 map, the shed is presumably the small building shown on present-day OS maps in that field, approximately where a ‘hay ree’ was marked in 1854, which might possibly have been at least a successor of an eponymous sabhal. ":5,"Fields #30 and #31, north-west of Bishopton Wood and Glebe field. The French word parc was adopted in Middle English and Older Scots for large enclosures, firstly for deer, later for herds of cattle. The cognate Old English word pearroc was originally ‘an enclosing fence’, becoming later ‘an enclosure’, a piece of ground fenced or walled off, generally a fairly small field to accommodate specific animals. In the south, this word was modified in early modern English to ‘paddock’ to distinguish it from park, though in Scots and northern English, parrock was preserved; it is not always distinct in pronunciation from park, but here Park and Paddock (#23, adjacent to the farmstead) follow the southern usage. #24 Calf Field is another small paddock adjacent to the farm.":4,"Fields adjacent to the Manse, with straight dykes implying ‘improvement-era’ enclosures. Both fields were subdivided by east-west dykes at the time of the 1854 map. Field 9 is a small portion enclosing the shrubby cleuch where the Disdow Burn cuts through, by the junction where the road from Drumwall meets the B727; before the Military Road and The Cut, the roads heading for the ford on the Fleet converged and crossed the burn here, then followed it down through Robbers’ Gate. ‘Glebe’ was used in Scots, for land reserved for the parish priest or, once the Presbyterian Church became the established church of the kingdom, the minister. Glebe land was generally fairly close to the parish church or, as here, the manse. ":3,"Gaelic cnoc is ‘a hillock’, cnocán a little one; ‘corse’ can be a little problematic in Galloway place-names, having various possible origins, but here còrsa ‘coast’ is obviously appropriate, even though the genitive should have been còrsan, but the ending could well have been elided from *cnoc an còrsan or *cnocán còrsan. It’s not clear what feature gave its name to this place, or whether any Low Knockencorse is recorded. Field 16, High Knockencorse, is otherwise The Robin. Mactaggart gives us three Gallovidian phrases with Robbin (sic) in his Encyclopaedia, Robbin-a-Ree, a glowing stick of firewood passsed around the ingle-nuik while a rhyme is chanted in a rather risky bairns’ game (with a couple of songs, one portraying Robin-a-Ree as a villain, the other naming two lusty lads of that name both of whom a young lady has had ‘dealings’ with but neither is likely to marry her), Robbin Breestie, Robin Redbreast, and Robbin-rin-the-Hedge, ‘a trainling kind of weed which runs along hedges, a robbin net: its seeds stick to woolen cloth’, doubtless Cleavers, Goose-Grass, Galium aparine. But whether any of these, or some man named Robin, is behind this field-name, one can only speculate (in England, Robin in field-names is often Robin Hood, but that doesn’t seem at all likely here except insofar as some of the Scottish folk-tales involving a rogue named Robin are similar to tales of Robin Hood in northern England, they may well have been transmitted by travelling folk). ":3,"However, the same name is also given on OS maps to the relatively modest headland about ¾ mile/ 1200 metres north-east, on the seaward side of the breakwater where the water from Cally Lake drains into the estuary. Low and High Rough Point lie east of this headland, with Boreland’s Big and Wee Rough Point fields adjacent to the south-west, separated from the more southerly headland by that farm’s Mid Field and Mrs. Solomon’s. It seems Rough Point may have referred to this whole stretch of coast at the southern entry to the Fleet estuary. Shore is the name given to a narrow stretch along the cliff-edge beside Low Rough Point, shown as rough grassland on the 1854 map but now apparently 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All images © Skyviews Aerial Archives. www.skyviewsarchives.com":58,"Farm":3,"Mystery property - does not appear in post codes":2,"Nos. 22, 23, 25, 29\nFour pieces of a local grey-green slaty stone with a smooth, clear surface; two of them join, another can be reconstructed as touching these two, and the fourth is a plain corner. L. 12 in., W. 12 in., T. 1/2 in. Found in grave XXII, outside south wall of chapel; 22 lay on edge just in front of the face, 23 (the largest piece) partly on the left femour, 25 was near 22 on the north edge of the grave, and 29 by the south edge.\nC Thomas 1967":3,"Part of Knockbrex Castle":2,"Part of the old wee free kirk":3,"The GB1900 project computerised all the place names and other text on the Second Edition County Series six-inch-to-one-mile maps covering the whole of Great Britain, published by the Ordnance Survey between 1888 and 1914 -- 1900 for short.":292,"Type: castle":3,"Type: mill":3,"Type: settlement":13}},{"autocomplete_url":"https://us1.data-pipeline.felt.com/autocomplete/cd6deef2-3700-5c0a-9400-3bdf00004453/4/1.json{?query}","count":1098,"count_distinct":557,"name":"analysis","stats_url":"https://us1.data-pipeline.felt.com/stats/cd6deef2-3700-5c0a-9400-3bdf00004453/4.json{?query}","type":"TEXT","values":{"":542,"? Old Norse kross 'cross' + garðr 'yard'. Corseyard is Corsgard in the 1851 Census, hinting that the second part of the name could be Norse garðr rather than its Old English cognate ġeard or early Scots ȝard, but these cannot be distinguished on the basis of such late documentation. In Scots, cors can be a form of 'cross' (Old Norse kross, late Northumbrian Old English cros) either referring to a stone or wooden cross or a crossing-place. If this was 'cross-yard', it might imply that a cross once stood in an enclosure here. If 'crossing-place yard', although the road from Borgue to Knockbrex does not cross any other route now, the track running north by Kinganton marked on the 1st ed. OS map may be a trace of a route running inland from Castle Haven Bay, when that was in regular use as a landing-place, which would have crossed the east-west road here. Alternatively, Brittonic cors 'reeds, rushes, sedge' was used in place-names for marshland; Scots carse, from Old Norse kjarr 'brushwood', more commonly refers to 'riverside floodland', but may have been influenced by the Brittonic word, so linguistically either could have been the origin here, but, compared to other localities not far away, it is not a conspicuously marshy place. Finally, theoretically, Older Scots cors-ȝard could be a 'corpse-yard', but there is no record of any such compound or any reason to think it likely here. 'Corse' occurs not far away, in Corsemartin to the east of Borgue Old Manse, and Corsewood, with Corsewood Drum (ridge) to the north-west; this group of similar names is intriguing, but their origins may be varied. Corsemartin is the name of a hill, though it seems to imply a cross associated with St Martin of Tours, the pioneer of monasticism in Gaul, with whom Anglian hagiography associates St Ninian of Whithorn. Judging by a path shown on the 1st ed. OS map crossing Corsewood Drum, Corsewood may have been a crossing-place. ":1,"A substantial farm, associated for many generations with the prominent Borgue family of Gordons, though in 1897, the Rev. George Ogilvy Elder wrote, ‘Even so late as the beginning of the (19th) century the farm of Culraven included six holdings – Culraven proper, Cleggswood Broadfield, Creoch, Cooper Croft, and Brattle Isles. All these little places carried on a brisk trade in corn.’\n\nUnfortunately, documentation of this very interesting name is scanty, apart from an alternative ‘Culrewin’ given by Sir Herbert Maxwell in The Place-Names of Galloway, a variant which is phonetically unsurprising but doesn’t contribute much to the interpretation. It does seem possible that this is a Cumbric name, that is to say from the Brittonic language related to Old Welsh (Hen Cymraeg) probably still spoken in these parts under Northumbrian English rule during the 7th – 9th centuries, and – either surviving or reintroduced – during the existence of the Kingdom of Cumbria/Cumberland which comprised much of the Solway basin (along with Strathclyde) during the 10th and early 11th centuries. The Cumbric form would have been cūl ir avon (modern Welsh cul or cûl yr afon). The first word is slightly ambiguous, it would probably be equivalent to Modern Welsh cul meaning ‘narrow’, but used as a noun, though there is a (now obsolete) word cûl meaning ‘a hut, bothy’; yr afon would be ‘of the river’. Cul is cognate with Gaelic caol, which has become Cul- in a good many places in Galloway, but the Gaelic equivalent here would have been caol na h-aibhne; that might have become ‘Culnaven’ in Scots, but cūl ir avon is closer to Culraven. If this interpretation is correct, I think it’s likely to have referred originally to the narrow gorge where Nun Mill Burn flows down to Burnfoot in Nun Mill Bay, or to some small building (a hermitage? See Anchorway below) in the vicinity. \n\nAnother Culraven appears on the Place Names of the Stewartry website in Crossmichael parish, but this apparently an error for Culvennan. Culraven is also, somewhat mysteriously, the name of a terrace of houses (and evidently a car showroom) at Haigh (pronounced ‘hay’), Wigan, Lancs. This is likely to have been a property of the Lindsays, Barons Wigan, from Balcarres, Fife. As wealthy mine-owners, they built and lived in Haigh Hall nearby. I suspect the name was brought by Scottish mine-workers, but find no information in Ekwall’s magisterial survey of Lancashire place-names (nor does the name appear in Taylor’s even more substantial survey of Fife). ":1,"A tiny cottage with a curious oval enclosure adjacent is shown on the 1st ed. OS map as Piper’s (sic) Walls. While walls can in Scots and northern English names mean ‘wells’, it seems likely that the reference here is to this enclosure. The ‘piper’ might well have been a pipe-player, though the word can also mean a (clay, smoking) pipe-maker, and Piper does occur as a surname in Scotland, occasionally in Galloway. The cottage was accessed by a track up from the Kildarroch bridge, and another running south to join the road, according to the 1854 map. The long, quite narrow field extends with Pulwhirrin Burn on one side, and the road on the other, most of the way from the junction near Barmagachan up to near Plunton Bridge (Kennedy Bridge on the 1st ed. OS map), . On the 1854 map, ‘Old Fence’ is marked twice within this field (in earlier times a ‘fence’ could have been a hedge, even an embankment) as well as ruins of a dwelling called Fumart Knowe - foumarts, polecats, were still found in Kirkcudbrightshire in 18i3, according to a quotation in The Scottish National Dictionary, and Gallovidian writers from Mactaggart to John Buchan refer to the animal as if it was still familiar, the the word came to be used for ferrets. ":1,"Aerial Photographs the Borgue area taken in the late 1960s and early 1970s.\nThese images are provided courtesy of Skyviews Aerial Archives and must not be used commercially. All images © Skyviews Aerial Archives. www.skyviewsarchives.com":1,"Anglo-Norman personal name Robert + Scots -toun 'farm'. Roberton Moat is the southernmost of a remarkable string of mottes lying to the east of the hill-ridge between the Tarff and Fleet catchments. This motte is formed from a natural strongpoint by simply digging a ditch around the sides not already protected by a steep drop; it may have been a re-use of an earlier power base associated with the Brittonic-named Rattra ('farm of a chieftain's residence' or 'great farm') nearby. It was probably established in the early thirteenth century by one of the two or more Roberts in the lineage of Ralph de Campania who held the impressive motte and bailey, with its own bord-land, demesne, at Boreland of Borgue. Recent scholarly research has confirmed that a significant proportion of place-names of this form, with a personal name plus -to(u)n, were formed in southern Scotland and northern England during the period 1100-1250 (cf. Edgarton); this is consistent with the judgement of Prof. Richard Oram that Roberton Moat was constructed in the early thirteenth century, most probably between 1234 and 1240. \nAs noted under Moat above, Roberton Moat was probably established by a junior member of the family of Ralph de Campania who held the motte and bailey, at Boreland of Borgue (see Boreland above), and named after one of the two or more Roberts in the de Campania lineage. Recent scholarly research has confirmed that a significant proportion of place-names of this form, with a personal name plus -to(u)n, were formed in southern Scotland and northern England during the period 1100-1250 (cf. Edgarton); this is consistent with the judgement of Prof. Richard Oram that Roberton Moat was constructed in the early thirteenth century, most probably between 1234 and 1240. ":1,"Ardwall Isle known as Laurie's Isle. There was a drovers road from Mossyard to Sandgreen across the Fleet, which was crossed annually to maintain the right of way. Only one beast lost to quicksand on the last crossing. McConochies from Mossyard know the way ….? Pub …. David's father maintains that it was on Ardwall, but David thinks it was on the Murray Isles. Ships would moor up (and drink) and wait for the high tide to come ashore at Sandgreen before the canalisation of the Fleet. Farms near Sandgreen were more valuable because the lime (used for ballast and offloaded) improved the grazing. Origin of Boreland - providing for the lord's table / providing board and lodging for those using the drovers road Spelling! David says he's dyslexic … They bought Carrick in 1997.":1,"Auchinhay 1527, Auchinhay 1604, Ahinhae on Blaeu's map. The same name occurs in Colvend and Kirkpatrick Durham parishes in the Stewartry, also in Glenwhirry parish in Co. Antrim. Sir Herbert Maxwell's explanation in The Place-Names of Galloway is likely to be correct, older Gaelic *achadh na h-àithe 'field of the kiln (for drying grain)'. In modern Scottish Gaelic, this word falls together with àth 'ford', though that word is masculine, and, while there may have originally been a ford across the Pulwhirrin Burn at Auchenhay Bridge, that is some distance from the house, and *achad an àtha is less likely phonetically. ":1,"Barlocco, with Barlocco Isle, were named from the hill, later called Barlocco Bar. Gaelic bàrr is a 'top, summit', or simply 'hill', but it is so common in our region as to suggest that the word may have been taken by early Scots speakers as a term for a hill, and that is likely to be the explanation for the same element appearing twice in Barlocco Bar. Others in the near vicinity include Bar Hill on the Cally estate near the Clauchan of Girthon, another Bar Hill the east of Rainton, along with Rainton Bar to the north of the farm, and Barmagachan. Barlocco is probably Gaelic *bàrr-locha 'summit by a small loch', wholly appropriate to the location. Barloke to the east of Borgue by Kirkcudbright Bay, and Barluka in Twynholm, both have small lochs and probably the same origin. However, the proximity of Barlocco to the early Christian site on Ardwall Isle raises the tantalising possibility of a Brittonic *barr-logōd. The latter element (from Latin locāta) meant 'a place set aside', but in mediaeval and early modern Welsh llogawd (now obsolete) was used for 'a monastery'. The same word may be present just across the Solway in Arlecdon in Cumbria, near St Bee's, if that was formed from Cumbric *ar-logōd 'beside the monastery'. The possibility of such an alternative interpretation is somewhat reinforced by another Barlocco, in Rerwick (with Barlocco Bay and Barlocco Heugh; this Barlocco is shown as such on Blaeu's map): there is no loch here, being on porous calcareous sandstone, but nor is there any known early monastic site nearby, though, given the liking of the monks for such locations all around the Irish Sea, one nearby on Hestan Isle is surely a possibility. ":1,"Barmagachan in Kirkandrews parish takes its name from the MacGachen family granted lands in this area by the Lady Dervorgilla in 1282. it is recorded as Barmakgachin in 1457, and is spelt the same way in Blaeu's atlas, but there are many variants. The family name, ultimately Mac Eacháin, formed with a diminutive of each 'horse', is still quite common in Galloway as MacEachan, MacGeachan, McGachan, etc, and also in Ulster as MacGehan, Gahan, Keohane, Keoghan etc., and on the Isle of Man where it is Kaighan, Kaighin, Quaggin, Weggin, etc. The first element is probably bàrr- 'summit', perhaps referring to the motte (see under Moat below). 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